atoms - определение. Что такое atoms
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  3. atoms

Что (кто) такое atoms - определение

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Atoms for Peace Award         
PEACE PRIZE
Atoms for peace award; Atoms for Peace Prize; Atoms for Peace Foundation
The Atoms for Peace Award was established in 1955 through a grant of $1,000,000 by the Ford Motor Company Fund. An independent nonprofit corporation was set up to administer the award for the development or application of peaceful nuclear technology.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award
Atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.McSween Jr, Harry, and Gary Huss.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom
atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
n.
1.
Molecule, monad, ultimate particle (of any element), indivisible particle.
2.
Corpuscle, scrap, mite, bit, grain, jot, iota, tittle, whit, ace, scintilla.
atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
¦ noun
1. the smallest particle of a chemical element, consisting of a positively charged nucleus (containing protons and typically also neutrons) surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
2. [usu. with negative] an extremely small amount.
Origin
C15: from OFr. atome, via L. from Gk atomos 'indivisible', based on a- 'not' + temnein 'to cut'.
atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
(atoms)
An atom is the smallest amount of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction.
N-COUNT
Atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
·vt To reduce to atoms.
II. Atom ·noun An ultimate indivisible particle of matter.
III. Atom ·noun Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit.
IV. Atom ·noun An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule.
V. Atom ·noun A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles.
VI. Atom ·noun The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule.
atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
n. to split the atom
Atom         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system
The ultimate particle or division of an elementary substance; the smallest part that can exist in combination, and one which cannot exist alone. An elementary substance is composed of molecules just as truly as a compound one, but the atoms in the molecule of an elementary substance are all precisely alike. Hence atoms are the units of chemistry, they have to do with combinations, but the physical unit, the smallest particle of matter that can have an independent existence, is the molecule. The two are often confounded, especially by writers of a few years ago, so that by "atom" the molecule is often meant. There is nothing to be said of their size or mass. All such calculations refer to the molecule, q. v., often spoken of and called the atom. [Transcriber's note: Yet to be discovered: electron--1897 (5 years), proton--1920 (28 years), neutron--1932 (30 years), quark--1961 (69 years).]
Center for Bits and Atoms         
RESEARCH CENTER AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Center for bits and atoms
The Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA) was established in 2001 in the MIT Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is currently run by Neil Gershenfeld.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Bits_and_Atoms
Atoms in molecules         
  • Biphenyl, phenanthrene and anthracene
THE QUANTITY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES CUTIE A.M. IN THE MODEL OF THE MOLECULES AND QUANTITY METALS ELECTRICITY SYSTEM WITH THE PRINCIPAL ABOUT THE MOLECULES STANDS AND THE MOLECULES ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF AND THE ATOMS IS PROVIDED WHILE SOME TYPES
Qtaim; Hydrogen hydrogen bond; Hydrogen-hydrogen bond; Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules; Atoms in Molecules; Bader analysis; Bader charge analysis; Bader charges; QTAIM
In quantum chemistry, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), sometimes referred to as atoms in molecules (AIM), is a model of molecular and condensed matter electronic systems (such as crystals) in which the principal objects of molecular structure - atoms and bonds - are natural expressions of a system's observable electron density distribution function. An electron density distribution of a molecule is a probability distribution that describes the average manner in which the electronic charge is distributed throughout real space in the attractive field exerted by the nuclei.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoms_in_molecules
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